Building Information Modeling (BIM)

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Overview[edit | edit source]

BIM is a process that manages representations of objects and provides access to the object data, and greater enhances project understanding before projects are undertaken and completed. Models created with BIM practices emphasize access throughout the project's life cycle, and can be understood as shared knowledge resources that can "provide the right information to the right people at the right time"[1] BIM has been mainly applied to roads, highways, and bridges for infrastructure projects related to transportation.[2] Dimensionality is used to describe BIM and the specified capabilities based on the process.

  • Three dimensional BIM creates models of projects parametrically, connecting components together so parameters interact with each other
  • Four dimensional BIM introduces a time component, allowing the progression of a project to be tracked and understood before construction and updated during construction.
  • Five dimensional BIM introduces a budget component, allowing for the modelling of the flow of funds during construction.

The various components within the model can be designed to a varying degree of detail, depending on resources and value to the project. This is called LOD (Level Of Development). This is a new concept for roadway design, and no definition has been developed for horizontal projects, so currently the definition used for architectural and vertical projects is being utilised.[3]

Timeline[edit | edit source]

  • January 1975: The Use of Computers Instead of Drawings in Building Design Published by Architect Charles Eastman[4]
    • Provides references to joining geometric objects together to create projects
    • Discussed need for databases for components, predicting the schema required by modern BIM processes
  • April 2000: Revit 1.0 released
  • August 2007: Bill East develops Construction Operations Building information exchange (COBie)
    • Helps record equipment, data sheets, spare parts lists, and maintenance schedules for assets put into service
  • January 2019: ISO publishes first two parts of ISO 19650, the first international standard for BIM

Analysis of Implications[edit | edit source]

BIM requires having multiple disciplines cooperate to better understand the expectations for projects and find fatal flaws in overlapping elements. Multiple software tools should also be used in a complimentary way to make the best use of each tool's strengths.

  • Revit:
  • Civil 3D:
  • Navisworks:

There are no links between data created by CAD, while the main advantage BIM provides is assembling information into a central location. BIM increases project efficiency and can save the most time on checking and coordination tasks.[5]

Case Studies[edit | edit source]

  • Railway rehabilitation in Portugal[6]
  • Underground Corridor - Southeast Asia[7]
    • Design Build Turnkey

"Players in the Field"[edit | edit source]

  • Kittelson & Associates, Inc.
    • Applies BIM practices to projects and pushes to model transportation infrastructure like signal poles parametrically
  • Walter P. Moore
    • Sharepoint and dynamic file replication for standards, tools, and templates
    • Use Navisworks, Sketchup, Rhino, Revit Structure, Tekla, Civil 3D, Infraworks, MicroStation, and associated projects
    • Over 1,000 projects delivered in BIM

See Also[edit | edit source]

  • Another term for this is Digital Twin. Although BIM encompasses all aspects being strived for, it does have Building in the term and has historically been used only on buildings. Digital Twin is becoming a standardised term for both vertical and horizontal projects.

External Resources[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions About the National BIM Standard-United States - National BIM Standard - United States". Nationalbimstandard.org. Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  2. ↑ Costin, Aaron, et al. “Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Transportation Infrastructure – Literature Review, Applications, Challenges, and Recommendations.” Automation in Construction, vol. 94, 2018, pp. 257–281., doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2018.07.001.
  3. ↑ BIMForum (Nov 2020). “Level of Development Specification”. Accessed On [11-30-2020]. https://bimforum.org/lod/
  4. ↑ Eastman, Charles M. “The Use of Computers Instead of Drawings in Building Design.” AIA Journal, vol. 63, 1 Jan. 1975, www.researchgate.net/publication/234643558_The_Use_of_Computers_Instead_of_Drawings_in_Building_Design.
  5. ↑ Rick Rundell, AIA. The Five Fallies of BIM, Part 1. cadalyst. [Online], http://aec.cadalyst.com/aec/Column:+1-2-3+Revit/The-Five-Fallaciesof-BIM-Part-1-1-2-3Revit-Tutor/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/470107, (November 1, 2007)
  6. ↑ Neves, José, et al. “A Case Study of BIM Implementation in Rail Track Rehabilitation.” Infrastructures, vol. 4, no. 1, 2019, p. 8., doi:10.3390/infrastructures4010008.
  7. ↑ Sarkar, D.. "Risk Based Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Urban Infrastructure Transportation Project ". World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Open Science Index 116, International Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, (2016), 10(8), 1022 - 1026
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